Fred s



F. S. CARR.

FASTENER.

APPLICATION man JUNE 27, m9.

Patented Jan. 11, 1921.

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fies? 5. 601/3 3, $37 7 M UNITED STATES PATENT @FFECE.

FRED S. CARE, OF NEWTON, MASSACHUSETTS, .ASSIGNOR TO CARR FASTENERCOMPANY, OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, A

CORPORATION OF MAINE.

FASTEN-ER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 11, 1921.

Application filed. June 27, 1919. Serial No. 307,111.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRED S. CARR, a citizen of the United States, and aresident of Newton, in the county of Middlesex, Commonwealth ofMassachusetts, (whose postofiice address is care of Carr FastenerCompany, Cambridge, Massachusetts,) have invented an Improvement inFasteners, of which the following description, in connection with theaccompanying drawings, is a specification, like characters on thedrawings representing like parts.

This invention pertains to improvements in separable fasteners.

It is among the objects of the invention to provide a fastener which,while readlly separable when desired, is not likely to becomeaccidentally separated in use, especially when under strain.

In the drawings, which show a preferred form of one embodiment of myinvention:

Figure 1 shows two pieces of material secured together by a separablefastener;

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 22 of Fi 1' Fig. 3 shows in dotted linesa plurality of fasteners holding two pieces of material together;

Fig. 4 shows a preferred form of socket as viewed from that side whichis adjacent the cloth when in use; and

Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of' Fig. 4.

In the illustrative embodiment of my 111 vention shown in the drawings,I have provided a symmetrically formed, headed stud 6 provided with abase flange 7 which is preferably shaped to provide marglnal portions ina plane higher than the base of the stud, so that such portions may liemore nearly in a plane with the neck portion of the stud than where afiat flange for the stud is provided. Cooperatmg with the stud, Iprovide a socket, which may include a casing 8 having a stud-receivingaperture 9 therein and containing resilient stud-engaging means, hereinshown as a sprmg 10 providing parallel jaws for engagement with the neckof the stud when the latter is entered in the aperture 9. For reasonshereinafter more fully described, it is highly desirable that the usualspring-supporting dome be omitted so as to leave the aperture 9uncapped. While the shape of the spring 10 may be greatly varied, Iprefer to use a spring of the type shown, the stud-engagmg portions ofwhich are supported against deflection axially of the stud as it entersby bemg supported by means comparatively remote from the stud-receivingaperture, such means preferably including the flanged over rim of thesocket.

The stud-receiving aperture is preferably non-clrcular to provide one ormore narrowed portions, herein shown as two, making the preferred formof aperture somewhat ovaloid, the socket in the example illustratedhaving the aspect of one with the usual round aperture but providedmarginally with notches providing recesses com- 'municating with suchaperture. When opposed lateral strains are exerted on the stud andsocket in such a direction as to urge the stud toward a notch or othernarrowed portion of the aperture, a locking against separation bylateral strain is effected. In. fasteners of the so-called keyhole slotconstruction, the stud entering into the narrow portion of the slotcannot be separated from the socket except pursuant to a separate anddistinct lateral movement to bring the neck of the stud out of the slot.My preferred forms of construction embodying narrowed portions may betermed semikeyhole slot constructions, the locking be- .ing effected insomewhat the same way as in the ordinary keyhole slot fastener; but thedepth of the notch or notches, or the width thereof, in the preferredform of my invention is so proportioned that the neck of the stud cannotenter into the notch sufficiently to prevent separation of stud andsocket when transverse separating strain is exerted in a direction at anangle somewhat greater than that produced by the resolution of forcesincidental to or arising from lateral strains. Herein the notches wherethey open to the main aperture are narrower than the diameter of theneck of the stud so that the latter does not enter fully into the notch,but is engaged by the points at the margin and wedged between them.

In the manufacture of studs by a press ing or rolling operation or acombination of the two, it is difficult if not impossible, particularlyon the smaller sizes, to form the neck at a point proximate the baseflange of the stud. In fasteners in which the engagement of the neck ofthe stud with the marginal portions of the apertures in the socket isrelied on wholly or partially to prevent separation of stud and socketunder lateral strain, it is highly desirable that the stud and socket beso formed that the neck of the stud will come substantially directlyopposite the mar 'inal portions of the aperture in the socket. 1preferably insure this engagement by means which may comprise therelative positioning of portions of the stud flange and adjacent face ofthe socket, herein typified by the dishing of the stud base to asomewhat greater extent than the dishing of the adjacent face of thesocket. It is obvious that this spacing may be effected in various ways,though I prefer to effect the same by dishing the stud, because thisprovides the additional advantage that the line of strain on the fabricwhich is usually secured to the stud adjacent the marginal portion ofthe flange thereof is more nearly in line with the point of engagementbetween the neck of the stud and the marginal portion of the aperture inthe socket engaging said neck.

here the neck of the stud is to be engaged not only by the marginalportion of the casing, but also by a spring or springs, I preferablymake the neck or reduced portion of the stud somewhat longer than usual,so that ample space is provided in the re dnced portion for the seatingof the marginal portion of socket base, and also for the seating of thespring or springs well below the plane of greatest diameter of the headof the stud.

The spring may, if desired. be left free to'turn in the socket but 1 prfor to prevent movement of the spring relative to the socket bydepressing the flange of the socket casing at suitable points to preventundesired movement of the sp The spring means may be located in variouspositions relative to the narrowed portions of the aperture. In thepresent application I have elected to include generic claims ofsufiicient scope to dominate any form of spring located in any relativeposition to the notches or reduced portions, and also a specific claimto the location of the spring or springs in such a way as to permit freeor substantially free access of the neck of the stud into the reducedportion when under lateral strain. There are advantages accruing fromother positionings of the spring or springs relative to the reducedportion or porti aperture, some of these constructions and advantagesbeing, set forth in co-pending applications filed herewith. In attachingsockets of the type shown in the drawin it is preferable that thereduced portion of the aperture be located in the line of strain, thisusually being adjacent the general plane of the material. By the useoftwo notches,

this positioning is availed of whether the socket be attached with onenotch adjacent the margin of the material or with the other notchadjacent the margin of the material. Because of the cam-like surfaces ofthe aperture, the strain will lead the neck of the stud into thenarrowed portion even where the narrowed portion is turned so as to beat a considerable angle from'the line of strain so that extreme accuracyin position ing the socket is not essential.

Even where strain is exerted in a direction between narrowed portions1', in the present embodiment of. my invention, directly against aspring having no notch behind it, a considerable resistance toseparation of stud and socket by the resolution of forces arising fromlateral strain is afforded.

Separation of stud and socket may beeffected in the preferred form of myinvention by relative tipping movement of considerable angularity in anydirection.

lVhile I have shown and described a preferred form of one embodiment ofmy invcntion. it will be understood that changes involving omissionsubstitution, alteration and reversal of parts, and even changes in themode of operation, may be made without departing from the scope of myinven tion, which is best defined in the following claims:

1. In a fastener, the combination with a stud having a head and a neckof a socket having a plate with a non-circular hole theretln'ough formarginal engagement with the neck of said stud, said hole and studshaped to permit movement of said stud into semi-locked relation to saidsocket when strain is exerted in a predetermined lateral direction.

2. In a fastener, the combination with a stud having a head and a neck,of a socket having a plate with a non-circular hole therethrough formarginal engagement with the neck of said stud. said hole and studshaped to permit movement of said stud into senilocked relation to saidsocketwhcn strain is exerted in a predetermined lateral direction andproviding for separation of stud and socket by relatively slighttransverse strain while interlocking against separation by lateralstrain.

A stud and socket fastener comprising, in combination. a stud. and asocket providing a plate having an aperture therethroueih for receivingthe stud. said aperture noncircular to permit limited displacement ofthe stud relative to the socket when under lateral strain, such limiteddisplacement be ing insufficient to prevent separation of stud andsocket by strain in a substantially transverse direction.

4. A stud and socket fastener comprising, in combination, a stud, and asocket proriding a plate having a pluralrdirection semi-keyhole slottherethrough for receiving the stud.

In a stud and socket fastener, the combination of a stud having a headand a neck, a socket providing a plate having an ovaloid hole thereinfor receiving the stud, the edge of said plate engaging the neck of thestud.

6. In a stud and socket fastener, the combination of a stud having ahead and a neck, a socket providing a plate having an ovaloid holetherein for receiving the stud, the edge of said plate engaging the neckof the stud, and resilient means in said socket engaging said stud.

7. In a stud and socket fastener, the combination of a stud having ahead and a neck, and a socket casing providing anon-circularstud-receiving aperture having marginal portions for wedging engagementwith the neck of the stud when strain is exerted in a lateral direction.

8. In a stud and socket fastener, the combination with a stud, having ahead and a neck, of a socket having a convex face adjacent the stud, thestud having a flanged concavity to cooperate with the convex face of thestud when stud and socket are in engagement, and the convex face of thesocket having a non-circular aperture therein providing a wedgingengagement with the neck of the stud when strain is exerted in a lateraldirection.

9. A stud and socket fastener comprising, in combination, a stud havinga head and a neck, a socket presenting a face to the stud having anon-circular hole therethrough presenting a marginal portion forengagement with the neck of said stud, and resilient means in saidsocket positioned rela tive thereto to prevent interference of saidresilient means with a predetermined relative locking engagement of saidneck and marginal portion when under lateral strain.

10. A socket for stud and socket fasteners, comprising, in combination,a casing containing a spring and providing a notched stud-receivingaperture, said spring presenting a stud-engaging part supported at bothends by flanged-over marginal portions of said casing, said springpermitting entrance of the stud neck into said notch.

11. A socket for stud and socket fasteners comprising, in combination, acasing containing a spring and providing a notched stud-receivingaperture, said spring presenting generally parallel disposed partssupported at both ends by flanged-over marginal portions of said casing,said parallel spring parts extending in the general direction of saidnotch.

12. A socket for stud and socket fasteners providing a casing having astud-engaging spring portion supported at both ends by flanged-overmarginal portions of the socket, said casing having an aperturecompletely therethrough for entrance of the stud, and said aperturebeing formed to provide a notch in the casing into which the neck of thestud may enter and become locked against separation under lateralstrain.

13. A socket for stud and socket fasteners having a stud-receivingopening therein and presenting a narrowed portion for engagement beneaththe head of the stud, said narrowed portion being so restricted ineffective length as to permit separation of stud and socket when strainis exerted in a generally transverse direction, while opposingseparation by such tipping movement as is caused by the resolution offorces under lateral strain.

14. In a separable fastener, a stud having a head, a neck and a baseflange, the smallest part of the neck being located at a positionsomewhat removed from the plane of the base flange adjacent the bottomof the neck, and a socket casing, having an interiorly disposedstud-engaging marginal portion, said flange of said stud and theadjacent face of said socket casing being relatively spaced apart tobring the smaller part of the neck of the stud opposite thestud-engaging interiorly disposed marginal portions of the socket.

15. In a separable fastener, a stud having a head and a neck, a sockethaving an aperture therein providing a neck-engaging interiorly disposedmarginal portion of the socket, a spring in said socket for engagementwith the neck of the stud, said neck of said stud being of sufficientlength to permit engagement therewith of said marginal portion and saidspring a substantial distance below the plane of greatest diameter ofthe head of said stud.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

FRED S. CARR.

